State the arrangement and movement of particles in a solid/ liquid/ gas.
solid | closedly-packed, orderly, vibrate about fixed positions
liquid | closedly-packed, disorderly, slide over one another
gas | far apart, disorderly, move at high speeds in all directions
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Explain why temperature of a substance remains constant during phase changes.
melting/ boiling/ sublimation | heat supplied is used to overcome attractive forces between particles to move them further apart
freezing/ condensation | heat is given out when particles form attractive forces as they come closer together
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State the 2 factors that affect speed of diffusion of gases.
(1) molecular mass: higher molecular mass; slower diffusion
(2) temperature: higher temp; faster diffusion
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