01 | Experimental Design

State the 3 apparatus that can be used to measure volume of liquids and when to use which.

(1) measuring cylinder - for measuring rough volumes (nearest cm3)
(2) pipette - for measuring fixed volumes accurately (usually 25.0 cm3)
(3) burette - for measuring volumes accurately with d.p (e.g. 24.10 cm3)


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State the 3 methods for gas collection and when to use which.

(1) displacement of water - for gases insoluble in water
(2) upward delivery - for gases less dense than air
(3) downward delivery - for gases denser than air


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State the 3 common drying agents and when to use which.

(1) conc. sulfuric acid - for acidic gases or gases that dissolve in water to give acids
(2) quicklime - for basic gases i.e. ammonia
(3) fused calcium chloride - for neutral gases


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